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Over the past two months I have read extensively on Barbecuing, cooking temperatures and food safety temperatures. Some has been within these threads themselves while much of it has been from books written by authorities on these matters or documents downloaded from the internet by government sources who appear to have many experts on the subjects.

One question that continues to come up in my mind is the issue of food safety and particularly in the danger zone range of 40 to 140 degrees. Now obviously, when you take the meat out of the refrigerator, it is probably in the 36-38 degree range. But then you plop it in the CS and it (or substatial parts of it) remains in the 40-140 range for a long time. For example, a few weeks ago, I did a 10.5 lb. beef round tip roast. I had it in for over 9 hours at about 200 degrees and took it out when it reached an internal temperature of 140 degrees. Now, that's a little over nine hours in the danger zone. Is this too long?

I have even seen some government documents on food cooking safety say to never cook meat at less than 325 degrees. On the other hand, I am not seeing or hearing of many of you (ie. CS forumer's) droping dead or complaining about sicknesses relating to your "slow/low" cooking on the CS. And just to assure you, I am still alive and well after eating many portions of my round tip roast that was in the danger zone for over 9 hours.

I have also seen much discussion about using cures in certain low temperature cooking circumstances (Particularly cold smoking). There is certainly much discussion on using cures when, let say, doing turkeys over long cooking times such as 15-20 hours.

The question is then, how long can you stay within the danger zone (for even small portions of the meat) and still remain relatively safe? Obviously, even when you put it in a regualr oven at 350 degrees, the internal parts of the meat will still be in the danger zone for a time-albeit substantially less that at a lower temperature such as in a CS.

Thanks.

MIN Que Smiler
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Here's one take on this:

For food bacteria that don't produce toxins that persist (for example salmonella or e coli) it's the final temperature that counts. As long as it's hot enough to kill the bacteria, it's hot enough. That's why "they" now advise cooking poultry to 180F or whatever it is.

Let the food cool off, put your dirty mitts on it, sneeze on it a few times, now there's new germs on it. You'd either need to reheat to a certain temperature or cool the food enough that the bacteria don't multiply.

For stuff like botulism, even if the bacteria are killed by heat, the toxins they produce can still get you. Fortunately, botulism needs some specific conditions to develop.

The same issues arose when crockpots were first popular. Never put frozen meat in a crockpot, they said, because the middle would never get done.

You might try CDC for more info.
A few things to keep in mind, if the meat you are cooking is a solid piece (not boned)
then the bacteria is on the outside of the piece is being killed as the internal temps are raising. If the meat is boned and rolled back up, then the internal temp will needed to up to 140� in the 4 hour period to be safe.
There is one one correct answer it will change depending on the situation you have and the piece of meat you are working with.
Jim
The real question is how LONG you stay in the Danger Zone of 40 to 140. The key for us is that it's not long and you will quickly be outside of the 140 and up above so getting outside the 140 will kill off most bacteria.

I'm sure some of our food service pro's can jump in, but I wouldn't be overly concerned. Don't stay below 140 any longer than you have to.

Federal Food Safety -- Barbecue

Danger Zone Graphic

Did a search at FSIS and found over 208 replies for "danger zone".
Food Safety Information Service -- Search Page

Smokin'

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